Peripheral neuropathy-Disease of peripheral nerves Neuromuscular junction-A synaptic zone of the muscle membrane containing acetylcholine receptors NADH-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form Na-K ATPase-A sodium potassium exchanger on the muscle sarcolemma Myotube-An immature myofiber, present during embryologic development and during muscle regeneration Myotonia-Prolonged contraction following stimulation most often caused by ion channel dysfunction Myostatin-A protein that limits the number of myofibers formed in embryologic development and also limits the diameter of mature myofibers This occurs when there is severe sudden injury to a large amount of skeletal muscle. Myoglobinuria-Passage of urine containing large amounts of myoglobin causing urine to be red. Myoblast-A mitotically active skeletal muscle precursor, derived from skeletal muscle satellite cells, capable of migration and fusion to form myotube during embryologic development and muscle regeneration Muscular dystrophy-An inherited, progressive myopathy characterized by ongoing myofiber necrosis and regeneration Motor unit-All muscle fibers innervated by a single neuron Motor neuronopathy-Disease of motor neurons Monophasic muscle necrosis-Muscle necrosis caused by a single nonpersistent injury Metabolic myopathy-Muscle disease caused by defects in muscle energy metabolism-for example, defective glycolysis, glycogenolysis, or mitochondrial enzymes Masticatory myositis-An immune-mediated inflammatory myopathy confined to masticatory muscles in dogs Lipomatosis-Adipose tissue infiltrating skeletal muscle steatosis Ischemic myopathy-Muscle necrosis resulting from inadequate circulation Inflammatory myopathy (myositis)-Muscle disease characterized by inflammation, caused by infection or immune-mediated disease Fiber-type grouping indicates prior denervation and reinnervation by a different type of neuron. Fiber type is primarily determined by the activity of the innervating motor neuron.įiber-type grouping-Alteration of the normal mosaic pattern of intermingled type 1 and type 2 fibers, resulting in groups of a single fiber type. Binding of acetylcholine released from terminal axons causes sodium influx to generate a muscle action potential.ĪTPase-Adenosine triphosphatase an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATPīasal lamina-A layer of extracellular matrix encircling myofibers and peripheral nerve fibersĬachexia-Generalized muscle atrophy due to disease or malnutritionĬhronic myopathic change-A variety of changes occurring in prolonged myopathic or neuropathic conditions, including cytoarchitectural changes, myofiber diameter changes, and infiltration by fat or connective tissueĬompartment syndrome-Ischemic necrosis of muscle following swelling in a nonexpandable compartmentĬongenital myopathy-Muscle disease present at birthĭegenerative myopathy-Muscle disease characterized by muscle necrosisĭenervating disease-Disease caused by motor neuron death or peripheral nerve axonal degenerationĭenervation atrophy-Muscle atrophy caused by motor neuron death or peripheral nerve axonal degenerationĭisuse atrophy-Muscle atrophy caused by lack of muscular activityĮlectrolyte-related myopathy-Muscle disease caused by electrolyte imbalance, most often hypokalemiaĮlectromyography-An electrodiagnostic method to evaluate skeletal muscle and peripheral structure and functionĮndocrine myopathy-Muscle disease, typically atrophy of type 2 fibers, caused by hypothyroidism or hypercortisolismĮnzyme histochemistry-A panel of reactions for microscopic evaluation of skeletal muscleĮPSSM-Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy also called PSSM and EPSMĮxertional rhabdomyolysis-Severe sudden skeletal muscle necrosis caused by overexertionįiber type-Physiologic characteristics of skeletal myofibers, ranging from oxidative and slow twitch (type 1) to glycolytic and fast twitch (type 2). E-Glossary 15-1 Glossary of Abbreviations and TermsĪcetylcholine receptors-Postsynaptic receptors within the sarcolemma at the neuromuscular junctions.
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